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Pump & Treat

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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Was This Document Developed?
1.2 Audience
1.3 What Is Pump and Treat?
1.4 What Is Pump and Treat Optimization and Why Is It Needed?
1.5 Navigating the Document
1.6 Limitations
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2.1 Pump and Treat Remedy Life Cycle
2.2 Performance-Based Pump and Treat Optimization
2.3 Interactive Tool for Assessing Whether Optimization Might Be Beneficial for Your Site
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3.1 System Components, System Evaluation Process, and Drivers of Performance Evaluation
3.2 Identifying Data Gaps and Updating the Conceptual Site Model
3.3 Performance Assessment
3.4 Is P&T Still the Best Remedial Option for Cleanup?
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recommendations to Address Changes to the Conceptual Site Model
4.3 Optimizing the Existing System
4.4 Enhancements to the Existing P&T System
4.5 Cost Estimating for Recommendations
4.6 Optimization Report
4.7 Implementation Approach
5 Transition and Termination
5 Transition and Termination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Transition Planning
5.3 Step 1—Identify the Trigger Conditions and Affirm the Need for Pump and Treat Transition
5.4 Step 2—Identify the Transition Approach and Develop the Lines of Evidence for Pump and Treat Transition
5.5 Step 3—Implement the Pump and Treat Transition
5.6 Pump and Treat Termination
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilient Remediation Into Optimization
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilent Remediation Into Optimization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sustainability—Water Considerations
6.3 Sustainability and Green Energy
6.4 Cost-Efficiency in Sustainable Resilient Remediation
6.5 Resiliency to Climate Change
6.6 Well-Network Design / Retrofit Considerations
6.7 Climate Adaptation
7 Regulatory Perspective
7 Regulatory Perspective
7.1 Understanding Federal and State Regulatory Frameworks and Optimization
7.2 Communicating Optimization to Regulators
7.3 Changes to Regulatory Standards
7.4 Optimization and Remedy Change—How to Transition Away from Pump and Treat
7.5 Changes to Controlling Documents
7.6 Site Closeout
7.7 Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities Resources
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8.1 Stakeholders and Risk Communication
8.2 Stakeholders and Optimization
8.3 Ongoing Stakeholder Engagement
8.4 Initiating or Renewing Stakeholder Engagement
8.5 Explaining the Optimization Process to Stakeholders
8.6 Explaining the Technical Basis of Optimization Decision-Making
8.7 Stakeholders and Sustainable/Resilient Remediation
8.8 Stakeholders as a Force for Optimization
Appendix A. Common Concepts 
Appendix B. Case Studies
Appendix C. Interactive Checklists
Interactive Checklists
Optimization Potential Questionnaire
Detailed Optimization Questionnaire
Appendix D. Existing Optimization Programs
Appendix E. State Survey Summary
References
Glossary
Acronyms
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts
Document Feedback

 

Pump & Treat
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Acknowledgments

The members of the Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC) Pump & Treat Optimization Team wish to acknowledge the individuals, organizations, and agencies that contributed to this guidance. As part of the broader ITRC effort, the Pump & Treat Team effort is funded by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and ITRC’s Industry Affiliates Program.

The Pump & Treat Team thanks the ITRC external reviewers and the peer reviewers who contributed comments and suggestions that were of great help to the team in finalizing the guidance document.

The Pump & Treat Team worked tirelessly to develop, review and revise this guidance document. The team recognizes the great value of teamwork and thanks everyone who participated.

The Pump & Treat Team recognizes the efforts and contributions of the following environmental experts:

Team Leaders

  • Michael Sexton — Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
  • Janet Waldron — Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

Program Advisor

  • Evan Madden – Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council

Subgroup Leaders

  • Lucas Hellerich — Woodard & Curran
  • Bonnie Ware 
  • Marek Ostrowski — Brown and Caldwell
  • Patricia Locklin — Maine Department of Environmental Protection
  • Dave Becker — Emeritus (USACE)
  • Beth Rowan — Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation
  • Thomas O’Neill — Emeritus (NJDEP)
  • Luci Dunnington — USEPA OSRTI
  • Tom Palaia — Jacobs
  • Claire Yeager — New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
  • Lenny Siegel — Center for Public Environmental Oversight
  • Payson Long — New York Department of Environmental Conservation
  • Erica DiFilippo — S.S. Papadapoulos & Associates, Inc. 
  • Charles Graff — Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy 
  • Jeff Henke — Weston Solutions

State & Local Government


Matthew A Egli
New York State DEC

Mahbub Alam
WA Dept of Ecology

Heather Barbare
Colorado Springs Utilities

Eric Bennett
Idaho DEQ

Kimberly Caldwell
Department of Environmental Conservation Waste Management & Prevention Division

Midori Campbell
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Doug Cantrell
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Underground Storage Tanks

Angela Carey
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

William R. Chapman
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Brian Davis
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Weiquan Dong
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

Brett Fisher
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Laura Galli
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Charles Graff
EGLE

Katy Grant
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Nic Gurram
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality

Lindsay Hall
Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control

Nancy Harris
Nebraska Department of Environment and Energy

Richard Harris
SEPTA

Rebecca Higgins
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Ricardo Jaimes
DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE)

Undine Johnson
Georgia Environmental Protection Division

Andrew Kowler
NDEP

Stephanie Lewis
Department of Toxic Substances Control

Patricia Locklin
Maine Department of Environmental Protection

Payson Long
NYS DEC

Xiaoxia Lu
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality

Ira May
Maryland Department of the Environment

Sara Michael
Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)

Paula Panzino
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality

Jonathan Rogers
State of Washington Department of Ecology

Beth Rowan
State of TN Dept of Environment and Conservation

Kevin Salls
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection

Olivia Salmon
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment

Robin Schiermeister
NDDEQ

Michael Sexton
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

Alexander Short
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency

Claudio Sorrentino
Department of Toxic Substances Control (California)

Ben Stanphill
Department of Toxic Substances Control

Andrew Stocker
NM Environment Dept. Groundwater Quality Bureau

Janet Waldron
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection

Li Wang
California Department of Toxic Substances Control

Bonnie Ware

Lisa Wulff
Missouri Department of Natural Resources

Claire Yeager
NJDEP

Kristi Zakrzewski
MI Dept of Technology, Management, and Budget

Fangmei Zhang
Miami-Dade County

Federal Government


Paul Beam
DOE HQ EM 4.12, Groundwater and Soil Remediation

Kirby Biggs
U.S, EPA

Kim Brown
NAVFACHQ

Jeff Christopher
EPA

Inci Demirkanli
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Luci Dunnington
OSRTI

Albes Gaona
Environmental Management

Emerald Laija
US EPA

Kira Lynch
US EPA

Paul Randall
USEPA

Mark Reider
Defense Logistics Agency

Mark Rodriguez
AFCEC/CZTE

Mark Rothas
USACE

Rob Seifert
Environmental Management

Russell Sirabian
NAVFAC EXWC

Karen Skubal
U.S. DOE

Alexander Wardle
Environmental Protection Agency

Kathleen Whysner
DOE Office of Legacy Management

Michelle Yam
Department of Navy

Emeritus, Public and Tribal Stakeholders


Dave Becker
US Army Corps of Engineers

Mason Murphy
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation

Lenny Siegel
Center for Public Environmental Oversight

Thomas O’Neill
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Retired)

Academia


Maria de Lurdes Dinis
Porto University

Jennifer Field
Oregon State University

Andres F. Navarro Flores
Polytechnical University of Catalonia

Emre Burcu Ozkaraova
Ondokuz Mayis Üniversity

Alan Rabideau
University at Buffalo

Industry Affiliates


Ayodeji Aina
Geosyntec Consultants

Dax Baker
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Jacob Barnes
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

John Bartos
EHS Support, LLC

Susan Bator
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.

Jessica Bennett
Parsons Corporation

Bob Bond
LANGAN

J. Austin Bond
Ramboll

Francis Boodoo
Purolite

Keith Brodock
Integral Consulting Inc.

Jim Butner
Jacobs

Brian Caldwell
Ensafe, Inc.

Felipe Campello
Ramboll

Robert Cohen
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Lansana Coulibaly
WSP

Nicole DeNovio
Golder Associates, Inc.

Erica DiFilippo
S.S. Papadopulos & Associates, Inc.

John Donatucci
Kleinfelder

Elena Downs
Integral Consulting Inc.

Amy Escalante
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Paul Favara
Jacobs

Jim Finegan
Kleinfelder

Aaron Friedrich
ERM

Nikolaos Fytilis
HydroGeoLogic, Inc, (HGL)

Steven Gaito
AECOM

Jessica Gattenby
Arcadis

Matt Germon
Jacobs

nigel goulding
EHS Support, LLC

Hari Gupta
CIVIL & ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC

Michael Harris
Terracon

David Heidlauf
Ramboll

Lucas Hellerich
Woodard & Curran

Jeff Henke
Weston Solutions, Inc.

Christophe Henry
Environmental Resources Management (ERM)

John Hesemann
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

GORDON HICKS
EnSafe

Chris Hoglund
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Dianne Kaminsky
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Saroj Kandel
Parsons Corporation

Christopher Kassel
Arcadis

Bruce Kennington
Ramboll US Consulting, Inc.

Prashanth Khambhammettu
Arcadis

Trevor King
Woodard & Curran

Mark Kleiner
Weston Solutions, Inc.

Ravi Kommajosyula
APTIM

Michael LeFrancois
ERM

Joe Leonard
Geotech Environmental Equipment, Inc.

Michael Lurenana
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Tamzen Macbeth
CDM Smith

Jeffrey Marsh
Integral Consulting Inc.

Juan José Martínez Bastida
LITOCLEAN, S.L.

MAUREEN MCGRAW
Tetra Tech, Inc.

Victor Medina
TRC

Dianah Mullis
Leidos

Jeremy Musson
Pinyon Environmental, Inc

Rangaramanujam Muthu
Parsons Corporation

Lauren Navarre
GHD

Marek Ostrowski
Brown and Caldwell

Tom Palaia
Jacobs Engineering Group

Jaydeep Parikh
ERM

Avani Patel
ERM

Kyle Perino
Burns & McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc

Erik Person
LANGAN

Nelson Pi
LANGAN

Jess Ross
Jacobs

Nicole Scroggins
Verdantas LLC

Kurt Sichelstiel
WSP Golder

Thomas Silverman
EHS Support, LLC

Douglas Spicuzza
Woodard & Curran

Chris Stubbs
Ramboll

Tina Sullivan
erm

Douglas Tanajura
Golder Associates Brazil / WSP

Donald Trego
Geosyntec Consultants

Srinivasa Varadhan
Geosyntec Consultants

Claudia Walecka-Hutchison
Dow, Inc.

Justin Warrington
Weston Solutions, Inc.

Matthew Wenrick
Langan Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc

Rick Wice
Battelle Memorial Institute

Christopher Wood
Integral Consulting Inc.

Steve Young
Brown and Caldwell

Rain Zeng
Ensafe, Inc.

International Team Members


Bente Højlund Hyldegaard
Region Zealand

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