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Pump & Treat

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About ITRC
Navigating this Website
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Was This Document Developed?
1.2 Audience
1.3 What Is Pump and Treat?
1.4 What Is Pump and Treat Optimization and Why Is It Needed?
1.5 Navigating the Document
1.6 Limitations
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2.1 Pump and Treat Remedy Life Cycle
2.2 Performance-Based Pump and Treat Optimization
2.3 Interactive Tool for Assessing Whether Optimization Might Be Beneficial for Your Site
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3.1 System Components, System Evaluation Process, and Drivers of Performance Evaluation
3.2 Identifying Data Gaps and Updating the Conceptual Site Model
3.3 Performance Assessment
3.4 Is P&T Still the Best Remedial Option for Cleanup?
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recommendations to Address Changes to the Conceptual Site Model
4.3 Optimizing the Existing System
4.4 Enhancements to the Existing P&T System
4.5 Cost Estimating for Recommendations
4.6 Optimization Report
4.7 Implementation Approach
5 Transition and Termination
5 Transition and Termination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Transition Planning
5.3 Step 1—Identify the Trigger Conditions and Affirm the Need for Pump and Treat Transition
5.4 Step 2—Identify the Transition Approach and Develop the Lines of Evidence for Pump and Treat Transition
5.5 Step 3—Implement the Pump and Treat Transition
5.6 Pump and Treat Termination
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilient Remediation Into Optimization
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilent Remediation Into Optimization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sustainability—Water Considerations
6.3 Sustainability and Green Energy
6.4 Cost-Efficiency in Sustainable Resilient Remediation
6.5 Resiliency to Climate Change
6.6 Well-Network Design / Retrofit Considerations
6.7 Climate Adaptation
7 Regulatory Perspective
7 Regulatory Perspective
7.1 Understanding Federal and State Regulatory Frameworks and Optimization
7.2 Communicating Optimization to Regulators
7.3 Changes to Regulatory Standards
7.4 Optimization and Remedy Change—How to Transition Away from Pump and Treat
7.5 Changes to Controlling Documents
7.6 Site Closeout
7.7 Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities Resources
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8.1 Stakeholders and Risk Communication
8.2 Stakeholders and Optimization
8.3 Ongoing Stakeholder Engagement
8.4 Initiating or Renewing Stakeholder Engagement
8.5 Explaining the Optimization Process to Stakeholders
8.6 Explaining the Technical Basis of Optimization Decision-Making
8.7 Stakeholders and Sustainable/Resilient Remediation
8.8 Stakeholders as a Force for Optimization
Appendix A. Common Concepts 
Appendix B. Case Studies
Appendix C. Interactive Checklists
Interactive Checklists
Optimization Potential Questionnaire
Detailed Optimization Questionnaire
Appendix D. Existing Optimization Programs
Appendix E. State Survey Summary
References
Glossary
Acronyms
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts

 

Pump & Treat
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Optimization Potential Questionnaire

Please complete the following questions to view your optimization potential results. Note, results will not generate unless all questions have been answered.

Optimization Potential Questionnaire
# Questions Responses
1 Have remedial alternatives other than pump and treat been ruled out as potential alternatives or additions to the remedial strategy?
2 Have regulatory drivers or exposure scenario changed and is pump and treat necessary to achieve the revised RAOs?
3 ” Is the CSM for the site current with respect to any of the following:
– New/Different COPCs/COCs
– Presence/absence of NAPL
– Reduced or increased source mass
– New source(s) (on-site or upgradient)
– New or significantly changed plume characteristics (location, extent, morphology, bulk plume behavior/metrics/stability)
– Contaminant fate and transport (COPC/COC concentrations, mass transport properties, biodegradation rates, diffusion-back-diffusion; etc.)
– Hydrogeologic conditions (groundwater elevations; flow direction, gradient, horizontal and/or vertical components of gradient; gaining/losing stream conditions)
– Receptors (private, municipal, and/or industrial water supply wells)
– Potential exposure pathways”

4 Are the flow rates, concentrations, pressures, drawdown, etc. consistent with the values expected in design?
5 Is the system currently achieving ROD objectives (i.e. source reduction or containment )
6 For mass recovery remedies, has optimization been conducted to maximize recovery rates?
7 For cases where all source areas have been defined and eliminated/isolated from downgradient portion of plume, is the downgradient portion of plume on track for ROD restoration RAOs?
8 For cases where all source(s) have not been defined or have not been eliminated/isolated from downgradient portion of plume, is the downgradient portion of plume on track for ROD restoration RAOs?
9 (For Superfund Sites): Is the anticipated transition from EPA to state ownership (or federal ownership to state/private ownership) of the project more than 10 years from now, or if less, has the remedy been declared Operational and Functional (O&F)?
10 For mass recovery remedies, are unit costs for recovered mass acceptable to operators and regulators?
11 All other technical considerations aside, are estimated, current or projected costs of the system acceptable to all stakeholders and sustainable for the life cycle of the project?
12 Have remedy O&M costs been decreasing?
13 Has an independent review of operating costs and performance been performed?
14 Is the pump and treat system operation consistently compliant with applicable permits and requirements?
15 Is the pump and treat system operating safely and without health and safety incidents?
16 Is the equipment well maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s recommended O&M procedures?

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