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Pump & Treat

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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Was This Document Developed?
1.2 Audience
1.3 What Is Pump and Treat?
1.4 What Is Pump and Treat Optimization and Why Is It Needed?
1.5 Navigating the Document
1.6 Limitations
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2 Life Cycle Optimization Framework For Pump and Treat Systems
2.1 Pump and Treat Remedy Life Cycle
2.2 Performance-Based Pump and Treat Optimization
2.3 Interactive Tool for Assessing Whether Optimization Might Be Beneficial for Your Site
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3 Pump and Treat Performance Evaluation
3.1 System Components, System Evaluation Process, and Drivers of Performance Evaluation
3.2 Identifying Data Gaps and Updating the Conceptual Site Model
3.3 Performance Assessment
3.4 Is P&T Still the Best Remedial Option for Cleanup?
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4 Process Optimization and Management for Evolving Site Conditions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recommendations to Address Changes to the Conceptual Site Model
4.3 Optimizing the Existing System
4.4 Enhancements to the Existing P&T System
4.5 Cost Estimating for Recommendations
4.6 Optimization Report
4.7 Implementation Approach
5 Transition and Termination
5 Transition and Termination
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Transition Planning
5.3 Step 1—Identify the Trigger Conditions and Affirm the Need for Pump and Treat Transition
5.4 Step 2—Identify the Transition Approach and Develop the Lines of Evidence for Pump and Treat Transition
5.5 Step 3—Implement the Pump and Treat Transition
5.6 Pump and Treat Termination
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilient Remediation Into Optimization
6 Integrating Sustainable and Resilent Remediation Into Optimization
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Sustainability—Water Considerations
6.3 Sustainability and Green Energy
6.4 Cost-Efficiency in Sustainable Resilient Remediation
6.5 Resiliency to Climate Change
6.6 Well-Network Design / Retrofit Considerations
6.7 Climate Adaptation
7 Regulatory Perspective
7 Regulatory Perspective
7.1 Understanding Federal and State Regulatory Frameworks and Optimization
7.2 Communicating Optimization to Regulators
7.3 Changes to Regulatory Standards
7.4 Optimization and Remedy Change—How to Transition Away from Pump and Treat
7.5 Changes to Controlling Documents
7.6 Site Closeout
7.7 Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities Resources
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8 Stakeholder Considerations
8.1 Stakeholders and Risk Communication
8.2 Stakeholders and Optimization
8.3 Ongoing Stakeholder Engagement
8.4 Initiating or Renewing Stakeholder Engagement
8.5 Explaining the Optimization Process to Stakeholders
8.6 Explaining the Technical Basis of Optimization Decision-Making
8.7 Stakeholders and Sustainable/Resilient Remediation
8.8 Stakeholders as a Force for Optimization
Appendix A. Common Concepts 
Appendix B. Case Studies
Appendix C. Interactive Checklists
Interactive Checklists
Optimization Potential Questionnaire
Detailed Optimization Questionnaire
Appendix D. Existing Optimization Programs
Appendix E. State Survey Summary
References
Glossary
Acronyms
Acknowledgments
Team Contacts

 

Pump & Treat
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stuff and things Panno et al. 2019 [V4NBXZ9C] Panno, Samuel V., Walton R. Kelly, John Scott, et al. 2019. “Microplastic Contamination in Karst Groundwater Systems.” Ground Water 57 (2): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12862.

stuff and things USEPA 2012 [Y7NCWKHT] USEPA. 2012. “Transmittal of the National Strategy to Expand Superfund Optimization Practices from Site Assessment to Site Completion.” Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI). https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=P100GI85.txt.

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